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Kunskap, vetskap & klokskap...
Prepositioner är ett oerhört intressant ämne, och VIKTIGT.



Är du exempelvis på väg, på väg till, eller på väg från en given plats i livet?

 





 


 


 

about

om, omkring, angående, rörande, för

 What's it all about? -Do you read (know, gossip, speak, quibble, care) about things like that?

above

ovanför, över, mer än

 above par= över det normala, above (over) 20 tons (tonnes), She's completely above suspicion= Hon är höjd över alla misstankar

across

mittemot, på andra sidan, på motsatta sidan, tvärs, tvärs över,  vågrät

 They live across the street from us. It's always a challenge flying across the Atlantic in a small plane.

after

efter 
NB. "look after"= se efter, sköta om

 after a while, after her introduction, one after the other, she took after him, the police were after his mother, 
It's 10 after 2  (AmE)= 10 past 2 (BrE)

against

mot, emot, (ev i kontakt med)

 Berkeley will play against Pleasanton. Don't lean against this wall!  Are you for or against this proposal?

along *

längs med, längs, utmed, efter

 Come along! The parade will go along Sir Francis Drake westward.  ...and there were trees along the river bank.

amid

under, mitt i det hela

 Amid the confusion the runaways escaped, again.

among (amongst)

bland, ibland

He hid among the bushes. 

around

runt, runtom, i närheten av, i omgivningarna av

 "Rock around the clock" / "round the clock service" /// Ibland kan här spåras en tendens att "round" är mer ofta än annars en fullbordad cirkel eller rundel medan 'around' är "mer allmänt runt"///

at, @

vid, hos, hemma hos, på, i (exakt)

 Badger Popcorn Co & Supply is (located) at 5513 Femrite in Madison / at 3 pm, at a certain level, at what price, at the very beginning / You can always call him at 222-7712. / at times, at intervals (occasionally) / They are likely to do such things at that age./

before

innan, före

 before our very eyes, the priest before the altar
He put the cart before the horse.

behind

bakom

 We were all behind him in finishing the job.

below

nedanför, under

 She was still standing on the platform, below the closed window.

beneath

under 
(bör undvikas utom i omnämnda typ av fall)

 Beneath his cold exterior he is…= Under den kalla ytan är han…  It's beneath her (her dignity)= Det är under hennes värdighet

beside

nära, intill

 Beside the river there was an old corn farm.

besides

utom, förutom

 with the exclusion of; excluding; save; but ("They were all there except me.")

between

mellan

The bus ran regularly between El Paso and San  Francisco.

beyond

bortom, utöver

 beyond the mountains, beyond comparison

but  * (without)

NB. Not to be confused with the conjunction  'but' !

förutom, utom, annan, annat 
OBS! Ej att förväxla med konjunktionen 'men' ! 

 no one but me (I)
 
She thinks of nothing but making money. 

by

av, med, medelst, med hjälp av, pga, enligt, i enlighet med, vid, nära, bredvid

 by air, by rail, by law, play by ear, go by bus, by God, lead somebody by the nose,  ready by Friday

concerning

rörande, angående, beträffande

 Concerning  (regarding, as regards) her  request, we are pleased to inform you that...

despite

trots

down  *

ner, ned, nedför, nerför, nedåt, neråt

 downwards along, from top to bottom of,  at a lower part of,  down the wind (with it)

during

under (om tid)

except (excepting)

utom, förutom, med undantag av

 I know nothing about her except that she is a sales person (in sales).

for

av, till, åt, för, efter

 

'for' uttrycker också riktning mot ett omnämnt mål: 
sailed for Cuba
leave for Boston
left Sweden for Australia

 request, anxious, compete, competition, ask, bargain or beg for   weep for joy= gråta av glädje,   for lack of time= av brist på tid  grope (fumble) for= treva (famla) efter 
 for all I care… 
  I've really longed for you! 
 -This is for you my d.      I have a nose (flair, good ear, memory) for those things. 
  He wouldn't settle for less= Han nöjde sig inte med mindre.     I'll make room for you over here.   I haven't been there for two years.

from

från, av,  ifrån, efter, att döma av, det framgår av

 He was a good man from birth to death.

in

i, om, på (inom, vid tidsuttryck)

 

blind in one eye

in what way

 

It's 20 ft. in length.

 Did he actually jump into the water or was he simply jumping in the water like a madman? 
 She deals in fabrics= Hon handlar med tyger (textilier).
  I'll go back in two weeks from now.
  …in due time, …in due course= in the proper or natural order, at the right time // 
  In those days...=På den tiden... ("in a while crocodile")

inside

inuti, i, "inombords"

 He felt sick inside.

into

in i, ned i
 

till: translate from one language into another

 Don't jump into the water when it's frozen,  or you might kill yourself.
 Sometimes it is possible to translate English into Swedish and still make sense.

like

som 
  (It would be like him... = Det  vore likt honom...) (likt, lik)

 in like manner with= similarly to, in the manner characteristic of, "to work like a beaver"

near

nära

 near the edge, near death

of

av  (OBS! många gånger används 'of' i en genitivkstr som svenskan saknar)

 kind (nice, good, unwise) of you to help, the color of her hair, he's of medium height, least of all 

off

av (avbruten, itu, avstigen, avskild från  etc), bort från, ur

 Get off the bus!  -He broke off my left forefinger. …that's off Van Ness Ave

on

på, ovanpå, vid, i, tvärtom, tvärtemot, motsatt 

He'd been hit on the head more than once already at an early age.

She was waiting on customers at Sam's in Tiburon when I met her.

Come late on Friday! It's on the 21st. 
  on the face of it= av första intrycket att döma 
 on religious grounds= av religiösa skäl 
on principle= av princip 
 on time= punctually, for a designated period, involving the extension of credit 
 (to purchase on time)
  on the contrary

onto

upp (sitta upp)

 to a place or position on; upon; on; "to get onto a horse"

out

She ran out the door.

outside

utanför

 Let's just put the garbage outside the door.
 As he wasn't very popular, he was always outside the group.

over  *

Stay over Christmas

rule, reign, prevail over

cry over, trip over

the struggle/dispute  (disagreement) over the West Bank

över, före, framför, under

 Stanna över julen

härska, regera (triumfera), få övertaget över

gråta över, snava (snubbla) över

kampen/tvisten (oenigheten) om Västbanken

have (take) precedence over= ha företräde framför,
 gain an advantage or edge over (on)= vinna en fördel framför

 She went over her notes= Hon gick igenom sina anteckningar.

 Over the last couple of years… =Under de senaste åren… 

 What in the world has come over you? Vad i hela världen har det tagit åt dig?

past (time or position)

efter, förbi

10 past 2 / 10 after 2; It's after midnight

/ It's past midnight (beyond in time & after; beyond in position & further on than)

per 

per capita  (per each)
per annum (annually)

"Give me 200 @ $2.50 ea (each)"

// OBS! Jfr svenskan!

regarding

beträffande, rörande

Regarding  (concerning) your inquiry...

save (except, but)

utom

 forty stripes save one

since

sedan

-I've been around since 1949. 

through

genom

She left through my bedroom window just before dawn.

through thick & thin= under all conditions
(= i alla lägen, i vått som torrt) 

throughout

överallt i,  hela...igenom

throughout the 19th century; throughout her life; throughout the day; throughout the world

 

till  * (up to, as late as)

NB. Not to be confused with the conjunction or noun!



till

OBS! Icke att förväxla med konjunktionen eller substantivet 'till'!



waited till his return, 

 till death do us part

to  ( @ )

 

 

 

NB. 'to' also used as sign of infinitive

 

till, enligt, på

 

 

 

 

 OBS!  Blanda icke ihop prepositionen 'to' med infinitivmärket  'to' =  att

 

 I'm going to La Mesilla on Thursday.
/ owing to= på grund av
/ say goodbye to sb 

 A serious drawing must be made to scale.
You draw a house to scale. 
 
 married to= gift med,

make love to (with)=   älska  med, ligga med, ha samlag med

  related to= släkt med,
 pay attention to= visa hänsyn mot (ta hänsyn till) 
 
the solution to my problem/ 
 

toward (towards)

mot, i riktning mot

He's walking toward the liquor store. His visit will improve their attitudes toward abortion.

until

förrän, till, tills

under  *

under (icke om tid) 
 Se vidare 'during'

 Under the circumstances… Under the table…

underneath

inunder, under

 The invoice had been pushed underneath the rug in front of the open fireplace by mistake.

up

upp

upon

uppå, på, vid, 

 up and on; upward so as to get or be on; in an elevated position on; on in any of various senses 

with,  w/

med, av, på

 He was faced with bankruptcy = Han stod inför bankrutt (konkurs) ekonomisk katastrof. / älska med, ligga med, ha samlag med= sleep with / tremble with fear/ angry with

within

inom

 "Be there within the hour!"

without,  w/o

utan

 "She was without any doubt the most gracious little creature you ever saw!" // Look, the streaker! He's without clothes.//












 







 

orsak (=reason, cause, why):  by, due to, for, from, in, of, on, out of, owing to, though, with

 


byte
, utbyte, växling (=change, exchange, replacement): for, on, with



riktning & rörelse (=direction, aim,  motion, going or moving where etc): across, along, at, by, down,
for, from, in, into, off, on, out of, over, past, through, to, towards, up


avsikt, syfte, ändamål (=purpose & intention): for, in, on, with

 

 

 



AmE * on the weekend

BrE * at the weekend

AmE * in a city, town or village and in a  country 
 but at a certain place

BrE * at a city, town or village 
and at a certain place but in large cities & countries

AmE * in a city, town or village

BrE * at a city, town or village

AmE * on a team

BrE * in a team

AmE * please write me soon

BrE * please write to me soon




Here you will find more preposition samples.

Här finns flera exempel att studera

 









IMPORTANT
Det finns enkla och sammansatta prepositioner.

Ibland hänvisas i grammatisk facklitteratur till 'Single' or 'Simple Prepositions' & 'Compound' eller 'Complex Prepositions'.
Har du för avsikt att ägna särskild tid och kraft åt studier av prepositioner så bör du vara bevandrad i terminologin
alternativt du kommer inte att få ett tillräckligt underlag för en fördjupning i ämnet.
Svensk litteratur i ämnet engelska med inriktning på prepositioner är inte alltid särskilt uttömmande ur engelsk synpunkt. 

 

There are single (simple) and compound (complex) prepositions.
Make sure you are aware of the  terminology.

Complex (compound) prepositions consist of two- or three-word combinations acting as a single unit.

Look at these 2-word combination examples: according to, along with, apart from, because of, contrary to,
due to, except for, instead of, prior to, regardless of.

3-word combinations  might look like this: Single (Simple) Preposition + Noun + Single (Simple) Preposition.
Examples: in aid of, on behalf of, in front of, in accordance with, in line with, in relation to, with reference to, with respect to, by means of.
These combinations also come before a noun. 

A Stranded Preposition is simply a preposition left a bit off-side: 
 Those are the cars Henry talked about.
That's the incident with the tail-light Andrea thought of. 



             
           

 
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