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Visiting London without knowing anything about Celts, Druids, Romans or Vikings doesn't make much sense.

London was founded about year 43, when armies of the Roman Empire started to conquer the isle.
The Romans built a seaport on the Thames near present-day London Bridge.
They probably chose this site because the riverbanks east of this point were too marshy for settlement.
The Romans called the port Londonium.

 

Remember how people from the mainland of present-day Europe invaded the Isles.
First came the Romans and they didn't leave too many stones un-touched.
Then came the Angles (Low-German tribe who settled in Northumbria, Mercia and East Anglia),
Saxons (Old Saxons, Germanic people who conquered the Isles in and around year 500),
Jutes (from Jutland, Low-German tribe who invaded the Isles around 500) and Frisians (from Friesland, south of Denmark).
These people really managed to wipe out most of the native Celts.
Now you know they came to stay, and so they did.

 

This is, in so many words, some of the explanation and history behind the culture 
transforming into a culture later to be referred to as Anglo-Saxon.

Today we consider Anglo-Saxon culture evident in the United Kingdom & Great Britain,
the United States of America, Canada, Ireland, Australia and New Zeeland.
We tend to put it together with a context where the English language is the dominant or official national language.

However, culture and tradition, politics and democracy, as well as religious freedom,
all have played their parts in the development of these "new countries" and a great majority of the soldiers, fugitives,
seamen, pioneers, traders and settlers were simply bringing their baggage in forms of values, attitudes,
inventiveness, ambition as well as their various creative powers and achievements, in both social and financial matters, wherever they went.

 

Good Time Visitors
London 1996

 

 

 

 

 

Varför har man två olika "house" (Houses of Parliament), House of Lords and House of Commons?

The House of Lords  utgörs av around 800 members from a variety of professions  med olia bakgrund   

... och så bör uppmärksammas hur det står till i olika brittiska domstolar och rättegångar,
och viktigt att jämföras är skillnaden mellan SOLICITOR och BARRISTER,  samt skillnaden mellan Lower Court & Higher Court etc.
Also, compare with US LAWYER etc!

 It's not just about what wigs and gowns you get to wear.
  Find out the real difference between barristers and solicitors...

    

Things to do in England

Best British beers

 

Marstons

The great ales of Britain

HARVEY'S BREWERY
Old Ale

We would neither gain nor improve a darn thing if we were to forget the importance of, and developments in,  countries such as England and France during the 1700s. No doubt there's been a tremendous turmoil throughout Europe both in the 1800s and 1900s. However, when it comes to matters in our societies such as our parliamentary systems, democracy, freedom of speech and religion, not much has happened over the last couple of hundred years. From a purely philosophical viewpoint  the so-called Anglo-Saxon countries have all transformed and developed in similar ways, and they all have their roots in the old Western European culture if there ever was but one, once perhaps even looked upon as a feature of  London and England.

Political and military powers, together with  financial powers originating in London, have most certainly come to both influence and dominate the developments seen over the years in Australia, US and Canada. Power, politics, influence and business principles originating in London have all strongly helped to form as well as establish basic procedures in these countries just as they have strongly steered or regulated smaller and weaker countries such as Ireland, New Zeeland and Scotland, depending solely of course upon the historical timeline or time-frame applied by the observer or scholar in question.

 

 

Then came the Vikings, first from the Scandinavian countries and later also from "their colony Normandie" in present-day France.

What originally were typical Scandinavian (Norse) words, spellings and sounds, today is looked upon as typically English. Look at words such as 'window', the definite article 'the', 'thief', 'three' and lots & lots more. Basically many words starting with 'th' and words starting with 'w' came with the Vikings.

 

So some of the words and sounds causing pronunciation  problems today for people from the Nordic countries are still to be found in their own countries with the difference of course that pronunciation and spelling have changed through the years. Languages develop, change and transform. Cultural changes are always reflected in the language being used.

 

Just look at Scandinavian words once starting with [ þ ] or [ ð ], spelled 'th' in English since way back, developed, changed and transformed throughout the Scandinavian countries into either 'd' or 't' and several similar changes took place over the years. Things do or do not change differently in one environment compared to another. Development sometimes is based upon the simple fact of being more or less isolated, and here of course the time of changes referred to might primarily be between the years 700 & 1500. 

 

Today quite a few of us know that there was an early Viking who went with some of his men to the East Coast of present-day North America.
England wasn't even invented at that point in time.

Some Anglo-Saxon language historians refer to the English language as a language not until around the year 1300.

And then again, come to think of it, the native Australians have been on their own soil for thousands of years. That's really something else.

Active London Map

 

The London Guide

 

LONDON & UK

 

Looking for a good hotel in London?

... central London?

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LONDON, a two-day visit meaning "ett tvådagarsbesök"

...but nobody in his (her) right mind goes to London for a 2-day visit!

 

Hotel - See Bayswater area, NW & N Kensington Gardens, Hyde Park & Bayswater Rd.

Underground -Subway Station - tunnelbanestation: Queensway
(Bayswater, NW Hyde Park & Kensington Gardens)

 

One Day

-Suggestions for a newcomer to London, 1^st day

8.30 (am) Samling entrén 
Meet in the hotel lobby

Gå till T-stationen
Walk to the Underground/Tube Station/ Queensway
Åk till/ Go to Bond Street, Central Line, 3:e anhalten/ 3^rd stop

Change to/Byte till Jubilee Line North

9.30 Stig av vid/Get off at Baker Street!
Madame Tussaud's is about 100 meters East on - österut på - Marylebone Rd

Bästa lunchen äter du på en pub, och mellan Bayswater och Piccadilly Circus finns hur många pubar som helst.
Gå bara runt i det närmaste kvarteret där du befinner dig!

12.30 Meet at corner of/Samling i hörnet/ Marylebone Rd & Baker St,
för gemensam avfärd till/Group departure to/ Marble Arch.
Take/Go by/Get on/ Jubilee Line South till/to Bond St and then walk to /plus promenad till/ M.A. (Marble Arch) at the NE corner of Hyde Park.

13.30 Sightseeing Tour: See London by bus (13:30-15.00/ 1:30-3:00 pm)

15.00 Underground (The Tube) from Marble Arch, Central Line East

to Oxford Circus, 2^nd stop - 2:a anhalten, walk down Regent Street,

or take Bakerloo Line, south to Piccadilly Circus (1^st stop)

16.00 Guiness World of Records, The Trocadero, E of Piccadilly Circus

 

Walk east to Leicester Square, then north to Tottenham Court Road.

 

From here you can either go by Underground (the Tube), Central Line,  west to Queensway, or simply stroll (take a walk)...

 

 

Another Day

-Suggestions for a newcomer to London, 2^nd day