ingformer i engelskan
och motsvarande svenska konstruktioner
| English - engelska | Swedish - svenska |
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Continuous and/ or progressive verbforms Sometimes reflecting a continuity, something ongoing, but that holds true only in some instances. Please see below for details and samples!
She came riding her bike when I suddenly got…
He's fishing from the pier, sitting down. He was fishing the whole day yesterday as well. He had been fishing for about two hours when suddenly a great white shark jumped out of the water and took his cap off. (-Boy was he surprised!) be + -ing = something ongoing, continuing
See Engelsk universitetsgrammatik, ESSELTE STUDIUM, av Svartvik-Sager §§ 3B, 100, 410 |
För att uttrycka samtidighet, pågående handling etc används i engelska -ingform som verbändelse på liknande sätt som vi ofta gjorde i svenskan förr beträffande användningen av våra s.k. participformer (verbparticip: -ande, -ende)
Hon kom cyklande då jag plötsligt fick… Han är metande, sittande på bryggan med pilsner, snus, spö och mask… Han sitter och metar på bryggan (=just nu pågående). Då man kan säga att någon är, eller var, "görande" (håller på med eller höll på med att) något vid ett visst tillfälle (nu= presens, då, eller sedan= framtid) OBS! Vid pågående ingform måste användas "be" (=am, are, is, was eller were) + ingform Se vidare i bl a Modern engelsk grammatik, Almqvist & Wiksell, av Svartvik-Sager, §§ 4.69--73 |
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What are you do ing? |
Vad håller du på med (just nu)? / Vad gör du (nu)? / Vad sysslar du med (nu)? |
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She's scratch ing my back. |
Hon kliar mig på ryggen. |
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She is writ ing a letter. |
Hon håller på att skriva ett brev. |
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She was writ ing a letter when I came into her room. |
Hon höll på att skriva ett brev då jag kom in i hennes rum. |
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She sat writ ing a letter when I came into her room. |
Hon satt och skrev ett brev då jag kom in i hennes rum. |
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Are you go ing someplace? |
Är du på väg någonstans (=till något särskilt ställe)? |
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What's happen ing? |
Vad står på? / Vad (är det som) händer? / Vad är det som sker (just nu)? |
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How are you do ing? |
Hur står det till? / Hur går det för dig? / Hur klarar du dig? |
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Are things work ing out for you? |
Får du ordning på saker och ting? / Får du det hela att fungera? |
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Will there be a person runn ing this tomorrow as well? |
Kommer någon att (hålla på med att) sköta detta imorgon också? |
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Will you be riding on Friday as well? |
Kommer du att hålla på och rida (vara ridande) på fredag också? |
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Are you playing tennis all day on Friday? |
Spelar du tennis hela dagen på fredag? |
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Will you be playing tennis all day Friday? |
Kommer du att hålla på med att spela tennis hela dagen på fredag? |
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He won't be riding his bike on Saturday. |
Han kommer inte att hålla på och köra (vara körande) sin cykel (alt. motorcykel) på lördag. |
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What in the world were you do ing when I showed up last night? |
Vad i hela friden höll du på med när jag dök upp igår kväll? |
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Were you playing one of your computer games all day yesterday? |
Höll du på och spelade ett av dina datorspel hela dagen igår? |
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What was he do ing all day? |
Vad höll han på med hela dagen (den dagen, t ex igår)? |
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What has she been do ing all day? |
Vad har hon hållit på med hela dagen (idag)? |
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Då man i svenskan använder en preposition plus (en s.k.) att-fras har motsvarande mening -ingform i engelskan.Alltså, prep + "attuttryck" i svenskan = ingform i engelskan
MEG= Modern engelsk grammatik, Svartvik-Sager, § 4.69 Hargeviks, §§190-197 |
…intresserad av att… = interested in …-ing…förtjust i att…= fond of …-ing…säker på att…= sure of …-ingEngelsk gram, Elfstrand-Gabrielsson, § 261 |
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She's interested in riding. |
Hon är intresserad av att rida. |
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He hurried along eagerly for fear of being late. |
Han skyndade sig av rädsla att komma för sent. |
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He's seems mainly interested in riding a motorcycle this week. |
Han verkar vara mest (=huvudsakligen) intresserad av att åka (=köra) motorcykel den här veckan. |
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They are both fond of skiing. |
De är båda förtjusta i att åka skidor. |
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Are you afraid of losing again? |
Är du rädd för att förlora igen? |
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Efter vissa verb i engelskan följer alltid (=skall alltid följa) -ingform på närmast följande verb
MEG, Svartvik-Sager §4.74 Hargevik, §193 |
You must avoid smoking at all times! They all enjoy skiing at Easter. Stop
smoking
is
easy.
(Mark
Twain
did
it
a
thousand
times.)
They sat talking for hours forgetting all about the buried and the
maimed. |
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avoid,deny, dislike, enjoy, escape, fancy, finish, give up, go on, cannot help, keep, mind, put off, postpone, quit, risk, stop, sit, stand |
You shouldn't avoid telling him the great news, it'll only make things worse. Never quit/stop looking at things from the bright side. |
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Gee, I sure enjoy cruising around like this, with no particular place to go, as Chuck Berry once said. |
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Don't stop doing the things you do! |
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Efter vissa adjektiv i engelskan följer alltid (=skall alltid följa) -ingform på närmast följande verb t ex busy, like, near, worth |
They were busy reading love letters from behind the Iron Curtain, so they didn't even hear the bombs falling. |
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It's no good booking seat reservations at this point, as we don't know yet whether or not we'll come back. |
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Efter vissa uttryck följer -ingform |
The book is well worth reading, simply due to its colorful and hilariously illustrious graphics. |
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It is (of) no use… |
As we have come to this agreement finally, I think it is of no use talking to you again in the foreseeable future. |
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It's no good even trying for more, as long as… |
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When you make a verb into a noun |
Substantiverade verb |
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e.g. /e g |
t. ex./ t ex/ till exempel/exempelvis |
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fly > flying Flying is great fun. / I like flying a whole lot. |
Swedish = flyga> flygning |
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cry > crying Crying doesn't amount to anything in my book. Crying is for kids and widows. |
Swedish = gråta> gråt |
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drive > driving |
Swedish = köra bil >bilkörning |
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Driving isn't one of those things anybody gets to be good at, even if there are people hoping for it to come around. |
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I bought this car because I detest waiting for something. He admitted to having injured his neighbor on purpose. |
Många verb i engelskan konstrueras med ing-form men har i sin svenska motsvarighet en finit sats eller en infinitiv |
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He must avoid offending the voters. |
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Paterson is considering resigning. |
Paterson funderar på (överväger) att avgå / dra sig tillbaka. |
Further reading - Se vidare på följande "websites":
Guide to Learning English as a Second Language
- includes grammar and vocabulary quizzes, and advice to teachers, parents, and students on learning English as a second language.
American English as It's Spoken -contractions and shortcuts in American speech.
American English Now - American language and culture lessons.
Business English Quizzes - grammar and vocabulary quizzes - plus a business English Hangman game.
ComAudio - listen to news, songs, and other items in English while the text appears on the screen.
Dave's ESL Cafe - assistance for ESL/EFL students and teachers.
Electronic English as a Second Language
Elingua - learn English on the web. Interactive do-and-review lessons in a stimulating multimedia environment, with many examples and exercises.
ELT Television Series: Family Album, USA - resource center for ESL/EFL teachers.
English Channel: ESL - grammar, reading, writing, speaking, and listening exercises.
English for Internet - study English grammar, pronunciation, writing and reading through free Internet courses.
English Listening Lounge - features recordings of ordinary English speakers, with questions and other study aids.
English Page - free exercises and resources for intermediate and advanced English learners.
English Warehouse - learn English via the internet.
English Zone - learn idioms, basic grammar, and spelling.
English, Baby - presents different lessons based on American popular culture, such as movies, music, and slang.
English-Zone.Com - features a variety interactive language exercises, including verbs, grammar, spelling, and more.
EnglishCLUB.net: Grammar - presents tutorials and quizzes on aspects of grammar such as verb tenses and prepositions.
EnglishLearner.com - interactive practice for students of English; includes tests, quizzes, crosswords, a mailing list and more.
EnglishMentor.com - online tutorial, with features on American slang, spoken English, and test preparation.
EnglishSpace - designed for pre-intermediate and intermediate learners of secondary school age (12-16 years) and their teachers.
ESL English Grammar Tutor - three levels of interactive exercises in English grammar and usage.
Eviews - audio interview with different English accents, accompanied by transcripts, comprehension tests, and lesson plans.
freeENGLISH.com - provides instruction in ESL through a free, downloadable, interactive Internet-based program called ENGLISH PRO Web Edition; also features interactive quizzes and games.
It's English - includes dialogues, quotes, idioms, and other lessons.
Learn English - Have Fun - crosswords, word games, and other activities for students of English.
Planet English - for students and teachers of ESL/EFL including language lessons, chat, message boards, bookstore, software jobs, and study grammar.
Randall's ESL Cyber Listening Lab - helps students improve their English listening comprehension skills through practice with self-grading listening quiz pages.
http://www.englishplus.com/grammar/
http://www.onlinelearningguide.com
http://www.schoolwork.org/english.html
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